The book covers all of the fundamental techniques that are unique to reservoir simulation, such as pseudo relative permeability. Implementation of a two pseudocomponent approach for. To reservoir engineers, the study of pseudo functions for the cross sectional models of difierent types itself is the study of numerical simulation sensitivity of displacement processes in reservoirs. Oil recovery and water breakthrough time for a waterflood are a function of the prevailing flow regime and the reservoir heterogeneity. Does not account for saturation gradients within the grid block. Simulation of fractured reservoirs numerical model, matrixfracture exchange, recovery processes. Mrst book the book is the primary source to learn about models for flow and transport in porous media and how these are implemented in mrst. A musthave handbook for anyone involved in reservoir simulation, reservoir simulation will help the reader decide when and how to use simulation for forecasting performance. Reservoir simulation models are used as an everyday tool for reservoir management. The simulated cases also covered all multiphase flow situations. This book is intended to be a reservoir engineering book for college students, but it is not the usual college text book.
Simulation studies see conducting a reservoir simulation study. In this highly anticipated volume, the worldrenowned authors take a basic approach to present the principles of petroleum reservoir simulation in an easytouse and accessible format. Figure 2 a pseudorelative permeability and b capillary pressure curves calculated for. Pdf a pseudo function approach in reservoir simulation.
In this paper we develop a pseudo function approach to obtain relative permeabilities for the numerical simulation of threedimensional petroleum reservoirs. A pseudo function approach in reservoir simulation. Reservoir characterization is a process for quantitatively assigning reservoir properties, recognizing geologic information and uncertainties in spatial variability. This book contains 19 chapters, and begins with the geological characterization of sandstone reservoir, followed by the geological prediction of shale distribution within the prudhoe bay field. And so simulation engineers didnt really need any data to do their simulation. In this paper we develop a pseudo function approach to obtain rela tive permeabilities for the numerical simulation of threedimensional petroleum reservoirs.
A pseudo function approach in reservoir simulation citeseerx. Upscaling is used to represent the average effects of small scale heterogeneity on the large scale flow. Static and dynamic reservoir models are key elements for evaluating and. Pvt, fluid models and other properties for the adsolvers. Geoquest, schlumberger eclipse 200 reference manual multisegment wells. Purchase petroleum reservoir simulations 1st edition. Handbook course numerical reservoir simulation ptrl5004. This paper presents a detailed investigation on the reliability of the dynamic pseudo functions used to upscale flow properties in reservoir simulation. This book is accompanied by a cd that includes a singlephase simulator, a users manual, data and output files for four solved problems. The leverett j function is an attempt at extrapolating capillary pressure data for a given rock to rocks that are similar but with differing permeability, porosity and wetting properties. Reservoir simulation is the study of how fluids flow in a hydrocarbon reservoir when put under production conditions.
Well models and equivalent radius of a well block, relating well gridblock pressures to pressure test buildup pressures. Planning and executing a reservoir simulation study. Evaluation of dynamic pseudo functions for reservoir simulation. Upscaling is carried out for the simulation of a reservoir with a singlephase or multiphase flow. Mathematical development is kept to a minimum since this is covered in depth in many books and literature. The second half of the book describes advanced studies, compositional modeling, hydraulically fractured and horizontal wells, eor processes and thermal simulation with a heavy emphasis on steamassisted gravity.
The geological model is therefore regularly upscaled for building reasonably sized simulation models. Applicable to any oil and gas recovery method, this book uses a blockcentered grid and a pointdistributed grid. Model simple to structurally complex, heterogeneous, oil and gas reservoirs, using small to very large scale multimillion grid cell models to achieve reliable production forecasts. Two types of fluid descriptions are used in reservoir simulation studies. Fine grid single porosity models are used again to verify the validity of the new transfer function. Discretization and gridding in reservoir simulation 2. Singlephase upscaling is concerned with upscaling absolute permeability, while multiphase upscaling deals with upscaling absolute and relative permeabilities. You know, at the time, the concept was that all the reservoirs were like layer cakes with homogenous properties throughout, and the models were fairly simple. The results from single block dual porosity models and the corresponding single porosity fine grid models were in good agreement. In particular, the author shows how to link geology and simulation. These generalized multiphase pseudofunctions were validated through the analysis of many simulated drawdown and pressure buildup tests covering comprehensive inner radial wells, partial penetration, fractured, and horizontal wells.
Reservoir simulation is an approach of recreating the occurring phenomena of the reservoir by solving the general governing equations that describe the reservoir processes. An introduction to reservoir simulation using matlabgnu octave, by knutandreas lie, cambridge university press, 2019, isbn 9781108492430. It is a modern and very practical guide offering reservoir engineering fundamentals, advanced reservoir related topics, reservoir simulation fundamentals, and problems and case studies from around the world. In this highly anticipated volume, the worldrenowned autho.
Also, the geologist and the reservoir engineer have to cooperate to define pseudorelative. This book is accompanied by companion site that includes a singlephase simulator, a. Engineering handbook included a general description of reservoir. A theoretical study and a real field application are used to evaluate kyte and berry 1975. Written by a seasoned practicing simulation engineer, it uses a descriptive style for field application. The black oil description expresses the fluids volumetric formation volume factor and solution gasoil ratio and flow viscosity characteristics as a function of pressure for three phases. However, small scale heterogeneities cannot be represented explicitly in field scale simulation models. Development of advanced reservoir simulation techniques for. Reservoir modeling for simulation purposes aapg wiki. It treats various boundary conditions as fictitious wells, gives algebraic equations for their flowrates and presents an elaborate treatment of radial grid for singlewell simulation to analyze well test results and to create well pseudofunctions necessary in conducting a practical reservoir simulation study.
Heriot watt university, reservoir simulation course pseudo property measured on core plugs. Simulation of stratified waterflooding by pseudo relative. Written by a seasoned practicing simulation engineer, this book uses a descriptive style for carrying out reservoir simulations, and shows how to link geology and simulation inputthe most critical aspect of successful reservoir simulation. Furthermore, only by making 10 simulation runs, the number of training examples will increase to a billion. To reservoir engineers, the study of pseudo functions for the crosssectional models of different types itself is the study of numerical simulation sensitivity of displacement processes in reservoirs. Reservoir engineering techniques for forecast, reserves estimation. Natural fractured reservoir engineering phdg textbooks in preparation, intended to be issued during 2015. The second half of the book describes advanced studies, compositional modelling, hydraulically fractured and horizontal wells, eor processe and thermal simulation with a heavy emphasis on steam assisted gravity drainage sagd. Imex models primary and secondary oil recovery processes in conventional and unconventional reservoirs. Appendices discuss handcalculation methods that can be used to check simulation answers, the mathematics of simulation, and regression techniques useful in the history of. Black oil thermal models describe fluid properties as a function of temperature as well as pressure. Volume 2, supp, pages 5867 a pseudo function approach in reservoir simulation zhangxin chen, guanren huan, and baoyan li abstract.
More specifically, reservoir simulation allows estimation of. Practical reservoir simulation outlines in detail how to practically carry out reservoir simulations. The function is important in that it is constant for a given saturation within a reservoir, thus relating reservoir properties for neighboring beds. From this study they can understand the reservoir production mechanism and development indices. A comparison of twophase dynamic upscaling methods based. Model initialisation and capillary pressuregravity equilibrium. A pseudo function approach in reservoir simulation core.
Rafiqul islam in this highly anticipated volume, the worldrenowned authors take a basic approach to present the principles of petroleum reservoir simulation in an easytouse and accessible format. Leads to nonphysical numeric dispersion and inaccurate simulation results pseudo relative permeabilities represent a method for more accurate. It treats various boundary conditions as fictitious wells, gives algebraic equations for their flowrates and presents an elaborate treatment of radial grid for singlewell simulation to analyze well test results and to create well pseudo functions. Evaluation of dynamic pseudo functions for reservoir. Finite difference technique is an effective method to get the solution out of the reservoir. Just imagine that a single run of a onemillion grid block reservoir simulation model that includes 100 timesteps will generate 1,000,000 x 100 1x10 8 examples of pressure and saturation changes at the grid block level to learn from. Pseudo relative permeability compensation for numerical. F is a function of the n vector unknowns pi, where the ith scalar element of pi is pii. Thirdly, the proposed transfer function is extended for multiphase compositional flow. So this illustrates the fact that simulation was completely disconnected from the reservoir. The number of grid blocks in a simulation model is generally much smaller than the number of the grid blocks in the geological model. Pickup, the development of pseudo functions for gravitydominated immiscible gas displacements, paper spe 51941, in. The tools of reservoir simulation range from the intuition and judgment of the. Abstract this paper presents a detailed investigation on the reliability of the dynamic pseudo functions used to upscale flow properties in reservoir simulation.
A method has been developed for calculating pseudo relative permeability curves which reflect the reservoir. The tools of reservoir simulation range from the intuition and judgment of the engineer to. Development and application of pseudofunctions for reservoir simulation to represent shear failure during the cyclic steam process. New transfer functions for simulation of naturally.
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